American Association of Bovine Practitioners

Welcome to AABP Online Continuing Education!

Kansas State University is honored to partner with AABP to provide online learning opportunities to their membership. The content is organized by topic as indicated on the tabs above and contain information on current Continuing Education (CE) modules available for purchase. The year the content was taped is indicated beside each module title.

Modules are $55 each and your payment allows you multiple access to the assignments and permanent access to the video content. You pay only once for the module and the AABP training modules can be to download to your iPod or MP3 player to view as your busy schedule allows. Complete the assignments and earn CE at your convenience!

Each module provides one (1) hour of AABP CE. Your certificate of CE will be distributed from AABP. On a monthly basis, Kansas State University will provide AABP the names of members who have successfully completed modules with a score of 80% or higher. If you have questions about your certificate of CE, please contact AABP directly. Contact information is available from the AABP web site.

Are you ready to get started?

Select the module(s) your wish to purchase.
Write down the number and title of each module you are interested in purchasing. You will need these titles when you are ready to register. (Example: AABP 014 Calfhood Pheumonia)
Select the Register Now link available at the top of each page.
Select Create an account if you do not already have one from the log-in page. Complete the required information (indicated with a red *) on the page then select Continue. Write down and save the password you created. You will need this when you return to the registration site to purchase additional modules!
Verify that your registration account information is correct then select Continue.
Select the module(s) you wish to purchase by checking the small box next to the module title and select Continue at the bottom of the page.
Review your registration summary for accuracy and select Register at the bottom of the page.
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Contact registration@k-state.edu or call 1-800-432-8222 or 785-532-5569 with registration questions.

A Quicktime video to demonstrate step-by-step instructions is available at
http://www.beefcattleinstitute.org/images/video/AABPsmall.mp4

The next time you return to the registration site to purchase additional modules, you will not need to create an account. You will be able to log in using your email address and the password you created and saved.

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AASRP

AABP 002 - Cytology in Food Animals (2008)

Author: Robert J. Callan
Robert J. Callan from Colorado State University presents research over cytology in ruminant and camelid practice. He will discuss how to collect the samples, processing of the samples and how to interpret the cytology samples collected.

AABP 030 - Reproductive Emergencies in Camelids Neonatal Care (2008)

Author: Ahmed Tibary
Dr. Ahmed Tibary gives his presentation on reproductive emergencies and neonatal care. He presents information on both healthy and unhealthy neonates. Significant neonatal emergencies, including congenital defects, prematurity, sepsis, and diarrhea are discussed.

AABP 032 - Small Ruminant and Camelid Critical Care Hints (2008)

Author: Robert Callan
In this presentation on the care of small ruminants and camelids, Dr. Robert Callan gives several helpful hints to increase our knowledge of a changing livestock practice. Dr. Callan presents case studies to help demonstrate these tips, and discusses fundamental ways in which these and other cases can be dealt with.

Beef/Feedlot

AABP 010 - Parasitology Resistance (2008)

Author: Donald Bliss
Donald H. Bliss, Ph.D. discusses parasitolgy resistance. This presentation details the economics of deworming, the effects of parasites on the immune system, the comparison of milk production after parasite exposure, as well as discussing the statistics on management verses deworming response. Dr. Bliss believes that the widespread development of parasite resistance is a very serious problem for cattle producers and the way to solve this problem is practitioners need to know whether or not dewormers are working for their clients.

AABP 014 - Calfhood Pneumonia (2008)

Authors: Greg Hanzlicek, Brad White, Mark Spire
Mark Spire, DVM from Kansas State discusses calfhood pneumonia and management considerations in beef cattle operations. He discusses the issues surrounding pre-weaning calf's with respiratory disease which in turn turns into management issues.

AABP 015 - Genetic Defects (2008)

Author: Chris Ashworth
Chris Ashworth, DVM discusses genetic defects in cattle. The defective development may be manifested by embryonic mortality, fetal death, mummification, abortion, dysmaturity, full-term stillbirth, or nonviable or viable neonate which these frequencies differ by breed, geographic location, and the season of the year and are caused by hereditary factors, environmental factors, and by the interactions of these factors.

AABP 031 - Rotational Grazing (2008)

Author: John Andrae
Dr. John Andrea, extension forage specialist at Clemson University, South Carolina, discusses rotational grazing in the eastern parts of the United States. He presents the potential benefits and disadvantages of using a rotational grazing system. Finally, Dr. Andre gives examples of specific methods of rotational grazing and how such methods can fit into a producer's operation.

AABP 034 - The Feedlot: Frontline Ramification of Agroterroism (2008)

Author: Nevil Speer
Dr. Nevil Speer of Western Kentucky University discusses the economics of the agricultural industry of the United States, and gives an idea of how the industry would be affected by agroterrorism. Dr. Speer focuses on the potential vulnerabilities of feedlots to agroterrorism, and the negative ramifications that could be felt by the cattle industry, and eventually by society as a whole, in the U.S.

AABP 044 - Food Chain Security (2008)

Author: James Lane
Undersheriff James Lane, Task Force Officer for the Heart of America Joint Terrorism Task Force, gives a “local cop's perspective” on food safety and food security. He discusses the role of veterinarians in food safety and security, and how we can help with emergency planning processes, education, and prevention of breaches in agricultural security.

AABP 056 - New Concepts in Neonatal Immunology and Vaccinology (2008)

Author: Scott Nordstrom
Scott Nordstrom the Director of Dairy Technical Services for Intervet, Schering-Plough Animal Health discusses the new approaches to bovine neonatal immunology and vaccinology. In his presentation he discusses the perceived barriers and concerns with early vaccination and the current industry vaccination practice in neonates. Nordstrom also discusses the call for change in bovine neonatal immunology and vaccinology care and the different alternative routes that are being discovered.

Dairy

AABP 003 - Dairy Farm Labor Training & Advising (2008)

Author: Mark J. Thomas
Mark J. Thomas, DVM of Countryside Veterinary Clinic discusses the needs of dairy farm labor training and advising. The presentation discusses the need for training and advising, the fact that practitioners are the logical facilitators, challenges do exist with training labors on the dairy farm, and there can be positive returns for the dairy and the hope of positive satisfaction for the practitioner.

AABP 004 - Effective Diverse Culture Labor Styles (2008)

Author: Jorge M. Estrada
Jorge M. Estrada of leadership Coaching International, Inc. discusses the differences across cultures and how to best work within these differences. He details the differences between high and low context cultures and how to foster relationships that promote trust and respect across cultures.

AABP 006 - Managing Feed Quality Issues to Maximize Health & Productivity (2008)

Author: Robert B. Corbett
Robert Corbett, DVM presentation highlights the topics of maximizing feed quality is important in maximizing profitability and minimizing disease, purchased feeds and home -grown feeds, the importance of maintaining quality during storage and feed out, the consideration of all feeds, not just forages and that veterinarians need to be well-informed on feed quality issues. He also discusses the importance of veterinarians becoming involved in the decision making processes that play an important role in the nutritional well-being of the dairy animal. It is also important to understand how feed quality and nutritional management influences the overall productively and profitability of the dairy operation.

AABP 009 - Nutrient Digestibility of Forages and Grains (2008)

Author: Randy Shaver
Dr. Randy Shaver continues his discussion of nutrient digestibility, focusing on feedstuffs such as forages and grains.

AABP 013 - Benchmarking Forage Nutrient Composition (2008)

Author: Randy Shaver
Randy Shaver from the Dairy Science Department of the University of Wisconsin-Madison discusses the importance of Benchmarking Forage on Nutrient Composition. It's important from the diagnostic standpoint that we often try to rule in or out forage quality when we try to diagnose or trouble shoot production issues on a farm or even herd health issues and certainly financial issues.

AABP 029 - Recruiting, Hiring, and Training Dairy Farm Workers (2008)

Author: Bernie Erven
Dr. Bernie Erven of Ohio State University shares his ideas on how to find and keep quality employees on your dairy farm. He gives advice on building a pool of quality applicants, interviewing, and becoming a good employer. This is a stimulating presentation that no potential employer should miss.

AABP 033 - Succession Planning for the Dairy Farm Business (2008)

Author: Bernie Erven
Professor Emeritus Dr. Bernie Ervin of Ohio State University discusses the issues that families come across when running a family-owned dairy farm business. Finances, family relations, goals for the business and the family, and communication are just some of the issues discussed in this thought-provoking presentation.

General

AABP 001 - Current Data for Dehorning Calves (2008)

Author: Todd Duffield
Todd Duffield, DVM, DVSc, an associated professor at the University of Guelph discusses the pain associated with dehorning and the research that his group conducted. Duffield gave four recommendations for dehorning. These recommendations are: develop a dehorning protocol, use a Lidocaine nerve block, dehorn at a young age and consider using an approved NSAID.

AABP 005 - AABP 2008 General Session Introduction and Lost in Translation (2008)

Authors: Nigel Cook and Charlie Arnot
Charlie Arnot discusses the issues that the animal agriculture faces, specific consumer views of the industry and how we can prevent our message from being lost in translation. He believes that the Industry has to give customers, policy makers, community leaders and consumers “permission to believe” that contemporary livestock production is consistent with their values and expectations. As well as, build and communicate and ethical foundation for our activity and engage in value based communication if we want to build the trust that protects our freedom to operate.

AABP 007 - Managing the Calf at Calving (2008)

Author: John Mee
Dr. John Mee discusses the importance of managing the calf at calving. This presentation addresses topics of prenatal calf mortality, normal parental physiology, assessment of fetal and prenatal vitality, calf resuscitation and umbilical care. Dr. Mee details findings from various studies from around the word less than five years old over the incidence of prenatal calf mortality; as well as findings from PCM Survey conducted at the World Buiatrics Congress in 2008.

AABP 008 - Managing the Cow at Calving Time (2008)

Author: John Mee
Dr. John Mee discusses the management of the heifer and cow around calving. This presentation addresses topics of predicting onset of calving, calving accommodation, movement pre-calving, calving supervision and calving intervention policy. Dr. Mee gives data on the US National Dairy Prenatal Calf Mortality Metrics and Herd Distribution of Dystocia.

AABP 016 - Overview of Welfare Challenges for Calf Rearing (2008)

Author: Dan Weary
Dr. Dan Weary of the University of British Columbia is a well-known and respected individual involved in the field of animal welfare. Dr. Weary discusses calf welfare and its contributing issues including natural life, health, and affective state (i.e. pain, hunger, and weaning distress).

AABP 028 - Current Data on Timing and Methods for Castration (2008)

Author: Hans Coetzee
Dr. Hans Coetzee of Kansas State University presents research on castration of cattle in the United States. The research includes results from a web-based survey and a study to evaluate plasma cortisol and salicylate concentrations following aspirin administration prior to castration. Also discussed is the use of analgesic drugs in the U.S., and potential validated methods of pain assessment in cattle, including accelerometers, electrodermal activity, thermography, chute exit speed, and growth/performance.

AABP 035 - Welfare-Friendly Housing (2008)

Author: Nigel Cook
Dr. Nigel Cook of the University of Wisconsin-Madison's School of Veterinary Medicine discusses the emerging issues concerning large dairies, such as environmental concerns and the control of infectious diseases, among others. Dr. Cook discusses how housing can affect these issues, and presents studies focusing on this subject.

AABP 036 - NCBA Feedlot Assessment Program (2008)

Author: Scott Reynolds
The core values of the Beef Quality Assurance program, including empowerment of producers, taking responsibility, and working together, are presented and discussed by Dr. Scott Reynolds. Dr. Reynolds presents the NCBA's Feedyard Acceptance Program, in which DVM's can be auditors, measuring BQA practices quantitatively. The BQA Feedyard Assessment program is projected to become the accepted audit by all interested parties and sectors of the beef industry.

AABP 037 - Welfare Issues for Beef Practitioners (2008)

Author: Tom Noffsinger
Drs. Tom Noffsinger and Lynn Locatelli present information on the human-cattle interaction, and how that interaction can help or hinder the population's current stance on animal welfare. With the presentation of this information, and demonstrations shown in videos included in the talk, Dr. Noffsinger challenges veterinarians and producers to understand the animals they work with at a higher level.

AABP 038 - UK Experiences w/ on Farm Welfare Audits (2008)

Author: Becky Whay
Dr. Becky Whay gave a second presentation on animal welfare in the U.K. The role of welfare assessments in the U.K. and how the assessments are used is discussed. The Farm Assurance program is described, and its role in welfare improvement is presented.

AABP 039 – Oveview of Pain and Lameness (2008)

Author: Becky Whay
Dr. Becky Whay, Senior Fellow at the University of Bristol discusses the phenomenon of pain, including the evidence of pain, its importance, and its recognition. Included is an update on lameness research in the U.K.

AABP 040 – Update of Lameness at University of British Columbia (2008)

Author: Dan Weary
Dr. Dan Weary discusses methods being used, currently and in research, to measure lameness in cattle. The validation of these methods is also presented. In addition, housing design and management in regards to preventing lameness are discussed.

AABP 041 – Welfare Issues for Dairy Practitioners (2008)

Author: Terry Homan
Dr. Terry Homan brings in a different perspective on animal welfare, one in which day-to-day issues of practitioners are addressed. Dr. Homan discusses our responsibilities as veterinarians, the definition of animal welfare, the pressing issues of animal welfare, and how all of these affect the thoughts and actions of the practicing veterinarian.

AABP 042 – Welfare Friendly Calf Housing (2008)

Author: Ken Nordlund
The University of Wisconsin-Madison's Dr. Ken Nordlund discusses the Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare and how they apply to calf housing. He gives the primary risk periods for calves, and how calf housing affects these periods. Dr. Nordlund presents evidence from several different studies, and discusses how such studies have affected the industry's outlook on calf housing.

AABP 043 – Killing with Kindness (2008)

Author: Erika L. Voogd
Erika L. Voogd of Voogd Consulting, Inc. discusses the events leading to and including harvest of cattle. The programs and measures of slaughter plants are presented, and the benefits of auditing are discussed as well.

Pressing Issues

AABP 011 - Why Vets go into Rural Practice (2008)

Authors: Aurora Villarroel, Steve McDonald, William Walker, Lana Kaiser, Renee Dewell, Grant Dewell
Aurora Villarroel from Oregon State University discusses why vets go into rural practice. The presentation gives an overview of why vets from all over the United States decide to go into rural practice. The vets responding to these surveys practice rurally or have practiced rurally and are broken into four different categories including gender, generation, background, and experience to see why most vets went into rural practice.

AABP 012 - Why Vets Leave Rural Practice (2008)

Author: Aurora Villarroel
Aurora Villarroel from Oregon State University discusses why vets leave rural practice. The presentation gives an overview of why vets from all over the United States decide to leave rural practice. The vets responding to the surveys for this presentation already have practiced rurally and have decided to leave rural practice. They are also broken into four different categories including gender, generation, background, and experience to see why vets leave rural practice.

AABP 017 - Addressing the Welfare of the Compromised Animal (2008)

Author: Suzanne Millman
Suzanne Millman, Ph.D., an associate professor of animal welfare at Iowa State University, discusses recognition of sick cattle. Research on sickness behavior in rats and research on veal calves provides insight into handling and treatment of sick animals. Questions concerning the economics of managing compromised animals are raised and discussed.

AABP 018 - Animal Welfare and Us: The Brave World (2008)

Author: Jim Sartwelle, III
Jim Sartwelle from American Farm Bureau Federation provides an overview of the issue of animal welfare. He discusses why the issue is important, the public's feelings on the issue, how and by who the issue is currently being presented, what is at stake, what American Farm Bureau Federation is doing to help, and what beef producers can do to help

AABP 019 - Assuring Animal Welfare as Part of a Sustainable Cattle Operation (2008)

Authors: John McGlone, Mhairi Sutherland, Guy Loneragan and Mindy Brashears
Mhairi Sutherland from Texas Tech University speaks about how animal welfare is defined and measured within the context of sustainable development. She talks about major welfare and food safety issues facing the cattle industry and points where the goals of animal welfare can differ from those of food safety.

AABP 020 - Beef Cattle Welfare in the Marketplace: What Consumers are Demanding from Meat Suppliers (2008)

Author: Mike Siemens
Mark Siemens, Ph.D., leader of Animal Welfare and Husbandry at Cargill discusses the issues that consumers question in the beef issue and what activists groups are targeting. He then talks about steps the harvest, farm, transportation, and supplier segments of the industry are taking to meet customer expectations.

AABP 021 - A European Perspective on Beef Cattle Welfare Initiatives and Policy Development (2008)

Author: Donald Brown
Dr. Donald Brown of the Centre of Animal Welfare and Arthrozoology at the University of Cambrige speaks on human impact on the animals of our industry, and how the industry is viewed in the United Kingdom. Dr. Brown also discusses the committees and laws pertaining to our industry in the European Union. Production levels in relation to animal welfare are presented, along with discussion of traceability and genetic selection.

AABP 022 - Animal Welfare Legislation, Does it Work? (2008)

Author: Donald Brown
Dr. Donald Brown discusses the need for animal welfare legislation. He gives a consumer's perspective, and a commercial retailer's perspective on why such legislation is warranted. Dr. Brown also discusses why animal welfare legislation should be increased in the United States-to prevent people from causing poor welfare in animals, not just to provide a punishment mechanism.

AABP 023 - Physiological Measurement of Distress Following Routine Husbandry Procedures in Beef Cattle (2008)

Authors: Kevin Stafford, David Mellor
Dr. Kevin Stafford of Massey University in New Zealand speaks on methods of measurement of pain in cattle, specifically the use of plasma cortisol levels to measure the amount of distress experienced by the animals. This discussion focuses on the physiological signs of pain, and how those signs can be measured over time. Dr. Stafford also presents studies comparing different types of analgesics used in routine processing of cattle, and discusses the effects of these different analgesics in the alleviation of pain.

AABP 024 - The New Zeland Experience of Beef Cattle Welfare Policy and Research Priorities (2008)

Author: Kevin Stafford
Massey University's Dr. Kevin Stafford speaks on the issue of beef cattle welfare as viewed in the island country of New Zealand. Dr. Stafford discusses New Zealand's role in world trade, and how animal welfare has an effect on that role. Finally, Dr. Stafford discusses the current welfare research priorities in New Zealand, and what effect such research has on the industry.

AABP 025 - Formulating Welfare Policies for Beef Producers (2008)

Author: Bob Smith
The BQA Advisory Board's Dr. Bob Smith gives information on how the NCBA has formulated policies to improve the welfare of beef cattle. These policies are set to guide the people of our industry in correct animal welfare, and therefore increase consumer confidence in our product.

AABP 026 - Regulatory Considerations for Approving Analgesic Drugs for Use in Food Animals (2008)

Authors: Emily Smith, Sanja Modric
Drs. Emily Smith and Sanja Modric present a general overview of the new animal drug approval process, including the approval of NSAIDs by the FDA. Also discussed is the use of analgesics in veterinary medicine, and the challenges faced by the FDA's Center of Veterinary Medicine in the use, improvement, and continued approval of analgesics in the beef cattle industry.

AABP 027 - What Animal Activist Success Means to the Beef (2008)

Author: Steve Kopperud
Steven Kopperud gives a lobbyist's perspective on how the actions of animal activists affect the beef industry. Mr. Kopperud challenges the people of the industry to take an offensive instead of defensive stance toward the groups advocating against the good practices of our industry.

AABP 045 – A USDA Perspective on Beef Cattle Welfare Policy & Research Priorities (2008)

Author: Donald C. Lay, Jr.
Robert Lay is the Research Leader of the Livestock Behavior Research Unit, a part of the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA. In his presentation, Dr. Lay speaks on the relative position of the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) within the USDA, and the research projects and awareness programs conducted through the ARS. Dr. Lay also gives a historical perspective on welfare initiatives, which helps us to see how far we have come in the area of cattle welfare.

AABP 046 - Assessment of Behavioral Responses to Determine Pain and Distress in Beef Cattle (2008)

Author: Janice Swanson
Dr. Janice Swanson of Michigan State University discusses the methodology and technology used to measure behavioral responses of animals. She speaks on the definitions of pain, distress, and fear, and how we can use these methodologies and technologies to quantitatively and qualitatively measure such responses in cattle.

AABP 047 - Consumer Preferences for Farm Animal Welfare (2008)

Author: Jayson Lusk and Bailey Norwood
Jayson Lusk, Professor and Willard Sparks Endowed Chair of Oklahoma State University, shares research conducted with Bailey Norwood on consumer views of animal welfare. Dr. Lusk presents the results of a phone-based survey asking what ordinary consumers want from the agricultural industry, and discusses how these views will affect the future of our industry.

AABP 048 - Euthanasia of Cattle: Indications, Application and Moral Responsibility (2008)

Author: Dr. Jan Shearer
The University of Florida's Dr. Jan Shearer gives his perspective on the issue of the euthanasia of animals. Dr. Shearer shares several videos to demonstrate various methods of euthanasia in this presentation. This is a very informative and thought-provoking discussion that no practicing veterinarian should miss.

AABP 049 – Formulating Animal Welfare Policy (2008)

Author: Gail C. Golab
Dr. Gail Golab, Director of the AVMA Animal Welfare Division, presents information on animal welfare policy in our industry. She discusses the need for policy, and some characteristics and frameworks of animal welfare policy. Dr. Golab gives us a “cookbook” for animal welfare policy, and tells us how this &ldquoo;cookbook” is followed by the AVMA.

AABP 050 – Welfare Challenges Facing the Beef Industry (2008)

Author: Temple Grandin
Colorado State University's Temple Grandin gives a unique perspective on animal welfare in our industry. She emphasizes the importance of calm handling, behavioral effects of environment on cattle, and continuous measurement and regular audits of such effects. Also discussed are methods used in the measurement of cattle stress, such as critical control points for animal handling.

AABP 051 – Cattle Handling Presentation Part I (2008)

Author: Curt Page
Lynn Locatelli DVM, Tom Noffsinger DVM, Mr. Clint Hoss and Mr. Curt Page discuss cattle handling techniques at the International Symposium on Beef Cattle Welfare. This presentation highlights concepts that empower caregivers in the Beef Industry to create positive relationships with cattle. The presentation will include video footage and cover the areas understanding prey animal instincts, the use of position, distance, angles and speed to communicate with cattle, teaching cattle to respond in a positive manner, enhancing the maternal bond, acclimation of newly arrived cattle to reduce the stress of address changes, expecting cattle to express their true state of health, pulling single cattle, excise therapy, removing cattle from pens or pastures, early disease detection and prudent antibiotic use, processing techniques and facility design, appreciation on normal behavior and modulation of anxiety, relationship of horsemanship and stockmanship.

AABP 052 – Cattle Handling Presentation Part II (2008)

AABP 053 – Cattle Handling Demonstration Part I (2008)

Author: Curt Page
Lynn Locatelli DVM, Tom Noffsinger DVM, Mr. Clint Hoss and Mr. Curt Page discuss cattle handling techniques at the International Symposium on Beef Cattle Welfare. This demonstration highlights concepts that empower caregivers in the Beef Industry to create positive relationships with cattle. The demonstration will show live cattle interaction in an arena complete with processing facilities. The demonstration will also cover areas of understanding prey animal instincts, the use of position, distance, angles and speed to communicate with cattle, teaching cattle to respond in a positive manner, enhancing the maternal bond, acclimation of newly arrived cattle to reduce the stress of address changes, expecting cattle to express their true state of health, pulling single cattle, excise therapy, removing cattle from pens or pastures, early disease detection and prudent antibiotic use, processing techniques and facility design, appreciation on normal behavior and modulation of anxiety, relationship of horsemanship and stockmanship.

AABP 054 – Cattle Handling Demonstration Part II (2008)

Author: Curt Page
Lynn Locatelli DVM, Tom Noffsinger DVM, Mr. Clint Hoss and Mr. Curt Page discuss cattle handling techniques at the International Symposium on Beef Cattle Welfare. This demonstration highlights concepts that empower caregivers in the Beef Industry to create positive relationships with cattle. The demonstration will show live cattle interaction in an arena complete with processing facilities. The demonstration will also cover areas of understanding prey animal instincts, the use of position, distance, angles and speed to communicate with cattle, teaching cattle to respond in a positive manner, enhancing the maternal bond, acclimation of newly arrived cattle to reduce the stress of address changes, expecting cattle to express their true state of health, pulling single cattle, excise therapy, removing cattle from pens or pastures, early disease detection and prudent antibiotic use, processing techniques and facility design, appreciation on normal behavior and modulation of anxiety, relationship of horsemanship and stockmanship.

AABP 055 – Environmental Welfare on Beef Cattle (2008)

Author: Frank Mitlohner
Dr. Frank Mitloehner discusses Environmental Welfare in Beef Cattle at the International Symposium on Beef Cattle Welfare. Dr. Mitloehner is an expert on how beef cattle affect the natural environment as well as how the natural environment affects beef cattle. Through his extensive experience in this area, including both practice and research throughout the world, he provides proof of how adverse heat stress is in beef cattle production. In this discussion, his research investigates how the addition of shade influences beef cattle performance. He covers the effects of a feedlot operation providing shade to its cattle, and also shows the positive results on beef cattle production, physiology, and behavior when shade is provided during hot and dry conditions.